The following table
contains a summary of the emission standards and their implementation
dates.
Table 1
EU Emission Standards for HD Diesel Engines, g/kWh (smoke in
m-1)
|
Tier
|
Date
& Category
|
Test
Cycle
|
CO
|
HC
|
NOx
|
PM
|
Smoke
|
|
Euro
I
|
1992,
<85 kW
|
ECE
R-49
|
4.5
|
1.1
|
8.0
|
0.612
|
|
|
1992,
>85 kW
|
4.5
|
1.1
|
8.0
|
0.36
|
|
|
Euro
II
|
1996.10
|
4.0
|
1.1
|
7.0
|
0.25
|
|
|
1998.10
|
4.0
|
1.1
|
7.0
|
0.15
|
|
|
Euro
III
|
1999.10,
EEVs only
|
ESC
& ELR
|
1.5
|
0.25
|
2.0
|
0.02
|
0.15
|
|
2000.10
|
ESC
& ELR
|
2.1
|
0.66
|
5.0
|
0.10
0.13*
|
0.8
|
|
Euro
IV
|
2005.10
|
1.5
|
0.46
|
3.5
|
0.02
|
0.5
|
|
Euro
V
|
2008.10
|
1.5
|
0.46
|
2.0
|
0.02
|
0.5
|
*
- for engines of less than 0.75 dm3 swept volume
per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000 min-1
Changes in the engine
test cycles have been introduced in the Euro III standard (year
2000). The old steady-state engine test cycle ECE R-49 will
be replaced by two cycles: a stationary cycle ESC (European
Stationary Cycle) and a transient cycle ETC (European Transient
Cycle). Smoke opacity is measured on the ELR (European Load
Response) test.
For the type approval
of new vehicles with diesel engines according to the Euro III
standard (year 2000), manufacturers have the choice between
either of these tests. For type approval according to the Euro
IV (year 2005) limit values and for EEVs, the emissions have
to be determined on both the ETC and the ESC/ELR tests.
Emission standards
for diesel engines that are tested on the ETC test cycle, as
well as for heavy-duty gas engines, are summarized in Table
2.
Table 2
Emission Standards for Diesel and Gas Engines, ETC Test, g/kWh
|
Tier
|
Date
& Category
|
Test
Cycle
|
CO
|
NMHC
|
CH4a
|
NOx
|
PMb
|
|
Euro
III
|
1999.10,
EEVs only
|
ETC
|
3.0
|
0.40
|
0.65
|
2.0
|
0.02
|
|
2000.10
|
ETC
|
5.45
|
0.78
|
1.6
|
5.0
|
0.16
0.21c
|
|
Euro
IV
|
2005.10
|
4.0
|
0.55
|
1.1
|
3.5
|
0.03
|
|
Euro
V
|
2008.10
|
4.0
|
0.55
|
1.1
|
2.0
|
0.03
|
a
- for natural gas engines only
b - not applicable for gas fueled engines at the year 2000 and
2005 stages
c - for engines of less than 0.75 dm3 swept volume
per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000 min-1
EU Member States
will be allowed to use tax incentives in order to speed up the
marketing of vehicles meeting the new standards. Such incentives
have to comply with the following conditions:
- they apply to
all new vehicles offered for sale on the market of a Member
State which comply in advance with the mandatory limit values
set out by the Directive,
- they cease when
the new limit values come into effect (i.e. in 2000, 2005
or 2008)
- for each type
of vehicle they do not exceed the additional cost of the technical
solutions introduced to ensure compliance with the limit values.
A new proposal, to
be submitted by the European Commission by 31 December 2000,
should include:
- rules pertaining
to the introduction of an on-board diagnostic system (OBD)
for heavy-duty vehicles from October 1, 2005 (similarly as
provided for in Directive 98/69/EC on the reduction of exhaust
emissions from passenger cars and light commercial vehicles),
- provisions on
the durability of emission control devices with effect from
October 1, 2005 (to ensure that they operate correctly during
the normal life of a vehicle),
- provisions to
ensure the conformity of in-service vehicles which are properly
maintained and used,
- appropriate limits
for pollutants currently non-regulated as a consequence of
the widespread introduction of new alternative fuels.
